Wednesday, January 29, 2020
Coffee shop Essay Example for Free
Coffee shop Essay Studying the fundamental reasons why the proponents aim to establish a business coffee shop’. A coffee shop or cafeteria businesses are already popular worldwide, too many names, establishment and products. Almost every coffee shop businesses stay long because of satisfying income. How about innovation to this business that have a risk but can probably maximize profit. Mobile coffee shops that acquired equipments that almost within a vehicle that travels to different places is definitely unique and new that’s why it is feasible. The proponents are aiming to study the reasons this business should be implemented and figured out a solution to all the problems that may encounter to the research. These are some reasons and problems: 1. An innovation should have a perfect research before implementing and it is bit difficult to introduce to the mass market. 2. Risky is involved because it can easily bump by other cars that it may destroy the vehicle full of machineries and high value assets and equipment that can probably explode. 3. Implementing is one of the hardest part because it has a lot of process and there were only few high-ways to trip, also it has limited places to go like traveling at the urban areas and primary highways. 4. Supply of coffee beans can be also limited, Benguet, the province itself produce supply of resources wherein the harvest is by season. 5. The weather of course can cause the profit loss especially here in Benguet where rainy season is mostly half-year. I. Project Summary I. 1 NAME OF THE BUSINESS â€Å" Clique Mobile Cafe Clique is the proposed name of the business because it’s a converted vehicle that in just one click it is transformed into a business mobile and it has Wi-Fi. In addition, ‘mobile’, as the word itself, it can travel to one place to another while the mobile itself is the kitchen. I. 2 BUSINESS LOGO I. 3 LOCATION Burnham Park Baguio City, Benguet I. 4 DESCRIPTIVE DEFINITION OF THE PROJECT Clique Cafe is a coffee shop that serves not only beverages but includes food, bread and pastry products. It has small kitchen, machineries in making coffee and pastry products and a small portable comfort room. The dining is an open area just outside around the vehicle wherein all the tables and chairs are portable including the tabernacles and tent that covers the place. It has a dimension of 21ft x 9ft x 9ft. It’s a food and beverage business which the main product is coffee. It travels to different places where people usually hang-out. Clique Cafe serves some beverages such as herbal tea, hot and cold Choco coffee. I. 5 VISION AND MISSION Vision: We aim to travel nationwide to provide the best quality coffee and bread for breakfast in every Filipino household that can purchase our most affordable product. We intend to promote tourism and make our own trademark name of coffee product that positions ourselves as premier coffee shop nationwide. Mission: To provide the best quality and most satisfying offer produc  with high standard services. To continuously promote teamwork and excellence in our establishment and provide a good environmental relationship between our employees and customers. I. 6 Objective There are two main products we aim to provide to our market. Our cafe will establish the commonly used style of coffee which is serving coffee and bread. But we want to make name for our own product. We aim in making our very own unique taste for our products that our market would want to have. We strongly believe that this would be possible by the aid of using indigenous raw product we have in Baguio. Being a city located in the Benguet Province, the province mainly produces harvest of coffee beans that have quality which can compete with its own flavor. This flavor is what we want to introduce in the mass market. The Province also is the main provider of fresh vegetables and fruits that our cafe can make use of in producing breads. We will able to make recipes from these indigenous products. These are the product that Clique Mobile Cafe would be proud of and carry under its brand. Clique Mobile Cafe goal is to satisfy our customer by the unique products with the very best of goods and services that we can offer. And we want our business and product will known all over the world. I. 7 History †¢Coffee History The history of coffee goes at least as far back as the thirteenth century with a number of myths surrounding its first use. The original native population of coffee is thought to have come from East Africa specifically to Ethiopia, and it was first cultivated by Arabs from the 14th century. The earliest credible evidence of either coffee drinking or knowledge of the coffee tree appears in the middle of the 15th century, in the Sufi monasteries of Yemen. By the 16th century, it had reached the rest of the Middle East, Persia, Turkey and northern Africa. Coffee then spread to the Balkans, Italy and to the rest of Europe, to Indonesia and then to the Americas. †¢Coffee shop History Coffeehouse and coffee shop are related terms for an establishment which primarily serves prepared coffee and other hot beverages. Cafe or cafe or c aff may refer to a coffeehouse, bar, tea room, small and cheap restaurant, transport cafe, or other casual eating and drinking place, depending on the culture. A coffeehouse may share some of the same characteristics of a bar or restaurant, but it is different from a c afeteria. As the name suggests, coffeehouses focus on providing c offee and tea as well as light snacks. Many coffee houses in the Middle East, and in West Asian immigrant districts in the Western world, offer shisha (nargile in Turkish and Greek), flavored tobacco smoked through a hookah. Espresso barsare a type of coffeehouse that specializes in serving espresso and espresso-based drinks. II. MANAGEMENT ASPECT BUSINESS ORGANIZATION A business organization is an individual or group of people that collaborate to achieve certain commercial goals. Some business organizations are formed to earn income for owners. Other business organizations, called nonprofits, are formed for public purposes. These businesses often raise money and utilize other resources to provide or support public programs. 2. 1 Partnership Partnership is a business organization in which two or more individuals manage and operate the business. Both owners are equally and personally liable for the debts from the business. Therefore the proponents will adopt the Partnership form of business. The proponents chose partnership because it’s not big and broad as a corporation and the capital is lesser than a larger business. The proposed project is easily managed by two or more people or the owners itself. ?Rules and Guidelines of Partnership One of the potential drawbacks of a partnership is that the other partners are bound to contracts signed by each other on behalf of the partnership. Choosing partners you can trust, and who are savvy, is critical. †¢Making Money Making money is the first rule because it is the biggest impetus for any deal. The deals that actually get done are the ones that can prove their worth. Companies often have a minimum monetary threshold, but if you can prove that a lucrative alliance can be made, then you should be in discussion about working together. †¢Naming Business Naming business partnership is actually a very important step in creating partnership agreement because it formally establishes the business entity for legal purposes. All documents referring to the partnership should use the partnerships name, once you and your business partners register it. †¢Contribution to Partnership A partnership agreement must include the capital or property each of the partners is investing in the company. The agreement should also include what roles each partner will be performing when the business is operational, including managerial capacities and who controls the day-to-day operation of the business. The partners dedicate resources such as financial, technical, staff and reputational toward achieving agreed objectives over time. They also establish a new organization with shared governance and a management unit to deliver these activities. Partners dont draw a salary and share profits and losses equally. Partners have a duty of loyalty to the other partners and must not enrich themselves at the expense of the partnership, and also have a duty to provide financial accounting to the other partners. †¢Allocating Profits and Losses Allocating profits and losses is a key element of companys partnership agreement. This section of agreement determines how much money each partner stands to make, including what percentage of profit each member may receive, as well as what percentage of business losses each partner must absorb. Its usually illegal to create a partnership agreement that assigns a higher percentage liability to a partner than the partner originally invested in the company. Keeping responsibility for losses commensurate with each partners percentage investment should preserve the legal integrity of the document. †¢Determining Partnership Authority Without specific language detailing each partner’s authority in the business, any partner can force the entire company into a binding legal agreement without the consent of your other partners. Clearly defining each partners power within the company to enter into binding agreements keeps the partnership from spreading itself too thin and making bad business decisions. This rule can also put a system in place for the partnership to make business decisions, including rules on voting and obtaining partner consent. The other rules would be found in a written partnership agreement. Such an agreement could outline procedures for making major business decisions, how profits and losses will be split, and how much control each partner maintains. 2. 2 Owner of the Business Clique mobile cafe is owned by Mr. John Ericson P. Amistad and Ahldrin L. Abellera.
Tuesday, January 21, 2020
The Garden Of Love Essays -- essays research papers
                                             Julia McDonald                                              ENGL 102H/Ellzey                                              Poetry Interpretation â€Å"The Garden of Love†     â€Å"The Garden of Love†is, quite obviously, a poem about life and the pursuit of happiness. It is also about the effects that negativity can have on love. Blake uses religion to convey the idea that negativity â€Å"†¦pervades and corrupts all life†(51 n.9), further supporting it with his use of rhyme scheme and imagery. In searching for love people often times emerge scarred and hostile from their fruitless efforts. Some continue to have faith in the idea of love and its possibilities, others do not. These folk sometimes seek refuge from their pain in a variety of houses. It is just as often that these refugees project their negative attitudes onto others that search for love and happiness. People who fear love can prevent others from finding it, because they change the positive surroundings to suit their negative world.      The conflict between organized religion and the individual is the constant idea throughout the poem. Blake, himself, despised the Church, as an institution rather than an idea, and used religious symbols to show how structured religion can destroy the lover and creator within. A chapel has been built, perverting a once pure and loving environment. In inspecting the chapel, the persona feels only negativity from a religious house, as the gates are shut â€Å"And Thou shalt not writ over the door†(6). Not only has man and machine invaded this place once full of life, but they have also brought with them negative comm... ...laws and motions that love does not. In â€Å"The Garden of Love,†the church expects the natural act and emotion of love to follow these motions, which is entirely unnatural, just as it is unnatural to be celibate and deny emotion for another human being. â€Å"The result is no less cruel-the banishment of daylight love for nighttime deceit, the repression and perversion of the young into the gray and palsied sufferings of the old†(Hagstrum 531). The negative and confining nature of the Church and celibacy prevent the young, positive nature of love from existing and exploring. â€Å"The Garden of Love†is a true testament to how easily negative energy and negative surroundings can wound and infect a positive environment. Negativity spreads like a disease, disrupting the easy and natural optimistic heart. Blake conveys this point with the convenient use of a confining institution such as the Church, which he further supports with a fine use of imagery and an effective incomplete rhyme scheme and voice. He quite easily showed that the negativity others accept through their life experiences end up robbing others of their innocence, as they choose not to process their emotions, but dwell in them.
Monday, January 13, 2020
Oppressed Rights by the Oppressive Regime in Margaret Atwood’s the Handmaid’s Tale Essay
Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale delves well into the horrid nature of extreme control and immoral limitations in defining the corrupt theocratic government at large, and more specifically the effect this control has on the society’s women. In an age in which a newly emerged and merciless governmental system called the Republic of Gilead has â€Å"put life back to the middle ages,†sparked by a widespread panic of infertility, personal freedom and individuality have become unimaginably reduced (Genny 1). Handmaids selected to live in the houses of wealthy, well-respected couples go through a life entirely designed by the government for the sole purpose of bearing children. Caught between following the strict rules made for women by the Republic and breaking them in secret for the sake of her sanity, the protagonist Offred essentially but not purposefully offers close to nothing for her society’s benefit. Not allowed to read, write, speak her thoughts or even look another in the eye, the most she can offer proves to be occasional, well-monitored grocery errands and the slight possibility of providing the gift of life for an elite Commander and his Wife. Parallel to a dystopia in which Offred has been stripped of the most simplistic allowances, women in today’s various Middle Eastern societies find relatively equal difficulty in utilizing their strengths due to the severe suppression and forced structure of their daily lives. Regardless of the varying context of these two scenarios, they both present themselves problematically in light of women’s personal struggle to contribute in societyâ€â€in both Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale and the modern Middle East, seemingly unethical yet extreme theocratic government exercises examples of such radically unformed control over its people that the exploitation and demeaning of the natural rights of women become prevalent. But on what grounds should the male citizens of the Republic of Gilead and those in today’s foreign communities be granted more liberation and opportunity while the women are held more captive of their own independence? As Offred finds herself trapped in such an unreasonably restrained living situation, she instinctively recognizes the current lack of available free will because she once knew what freedom looked and felt like. For example, in opposition of her training as a handmaid with the Aunts, she cannot help but wander her ind back to the pre-Republic days â€Å"thousands of years before,†when she and fellow females could actually go to school and watch â€Å"movies of the rest of the world†that even included â€Å"dancing[,] singing, ceremonial masks, [and music],†clearly taking place in a land where â€Å"people†¦were happy†(Atwood 118). Offred as well as other handmaids in her place inevitably suffer within their reality by trying to maintain a grasp on the memories of such privileges they once took for granted, such as real television to promote quality education. Instead of living the naturally liberal life of opportunity that was once available to Offred and existed in her home and school life, such a vision has been taken away by the government and exists now only in her memory, as the Aunts present to her and the other potential handmaids a government-approved film with â€Å"the title and [few] names blacked out†¦with a crayon so [they] couldn’t read them†â€â€another example of a ludicrous constraint, reading, that could have instilled fruitful possibilities in the mind of a woman (Atwood 119). In addition, as if the recollection of accredited education and other past events were not enough a cause of longing, Offred also recalls the fearless, empowering spirits of her late loved onesâ€â€particularly her mother whom she spots in the film, â€Å"wearing the kind of outfit Aunt Lydia told [the handmaids] was typical of Unwomen in those days†while â€Å"smiling, laughing†¦and raising [her] fists in the air†(Atwood 119). To witness such a wild and free spirit in action, that once was allowed for women but has been officially banned by the radical Christian followings of the Republic of Gilead, undoubtedly sparks a deep temptation within handmaids to rebel against this authority inflicting such â€Å"unacceptable losses of intellectual liberty†; however, such a temptation proves to be a challenge to pursue for some women today (Tolan 1). While the initial teachings of Islam attempted to improve living conditions for Muslim women by granting them some of the same rights as men in the seventh century, women become incapable of endorsing these rights when their society attempts to enforce the â€Å"laws†of the Islamic religion, described by the Columbia University professors who wrote At the Crossroads of the World: Women in the Middle East: Today, many Muslim women do not have the opportunity to enjoy rights once considered theirs by their religion. Women may be unaware of their rights or live in societies where these rights have been misinterpreted or misrepresented by individuals in power (be it the state, culture, or family). In Muslim countries around the world, there is a fundamental difference between what is prescribed by religious texts and what is actually practiced, a gulf between the ideal and the real (Esposito 1998, xiii). Often, the purportedly ‘religiously grounded’ restrictions placed on women within certain societies have little or nothing to do with the teachings of Islam. More often they are a function of socioeconomic and political factors. Recent examples of such restrictions included Taliban-controlled Afghanistan, which prohibited women from receiving medical attention from males and placed other restrictions on their movement in public (Revolutionary Association of the Women in Afghanistan)(Crocco, Pervez, and Katz 110). At most, these women are granted with the illusion that they possess legitimate freedoms, when in actuality their government prohibits this execution with the false justification that it simply conforms to the Islamic religion. The handmaids and all women alike governed by the Republic of Gilead correspondingly must follow the rules of the regime that claims to be operating in the name of the Christian faith in an attempt to validate its restrictive essence. Thus, no question exists as to how Offred becomes â€Å"increasingly reckless with her actions and behaviors,†or to why in the end â€Å"there is the strong possibility that her recklessness has cost her her life†(Genny 1). Most emphatically does Offred’s situation come off as unjust when she finally experiences a small taste of the natural freedom she once had but still deserves. Because it is obviously an â€Å"oasis of the forbidden,†she has to force herself to â€Å"hold†¦absolutely rigid†when the Commander invites her into his off-limits personal turf to play a game of Scrabble, something harmless, yet banned. Despite â€Å"[t]he fact that [she’s] terrified,†Offred still recognizes that â€Å"this is freedom[;] an eyeblink of it,†as if â€Å"he were offering her drugs†(Atwood 138-139). While Atwood implies in her novel that â€Å"feminist utopianism cannot avoid the taint of totalitarianism,†she employs the concept of defiance in that Offred can nourish her natural tendencies to actually enjoy herself through breaking the rules (Tolan 30). Similarly for the women in Iraq, the Ba’ath Party that emerged in 1963 sought provisions for women’s equality, including the liberties of education and employment; however, outside the major urban center of Baghdad, â€Å"the society still relegated Iraqi women to a very inferior position vis-a-vis men†(Brown and Romano 1). To maintain two adjacent communities with such contrasting ways of governing women is arguably contradicting and therefore, a cause for concern. Ultimately, women have simplistically natural rights that ought not to be rendered in the least, especially by illegitimate theocratic governments. Under no circumstances are the rights to thought, decision, reading, and writing, among many others, capable of being outlawed justifiably, regardless of gender. With such liberties, women carry great potential in contributing to society, despite the possibility of infertility or radically religious devotionâ€â€and in a lot of cases, that contribution can be imperative. Today in Iraq, a woman cannot own private property or hold any status, while forced to give up her education and marry a stranger. However, women still make up 65% percent of the population, and make up 70% of the agricultural workforce (Al-Jawaheri and Harris). Though they continue to fight for the equal rights and treatment they deserve while accepting their low circumstances, the crucial importance of granting women this moral blessing remains strong.
Sunday, January 5, 2020
Who Here Has A Pet - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 543 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Biology Essay Level High school Tags: Animal Testing Essay Did you like this example? Let me start off by asking, who here has a pet? May it be a dog, or a cat, a bird or a mouse, maybe? Would you guys agree with me if I say that pets are like humans? They may not have that rational thinking but they do feel emotions like humans, right? Now, who here uses makeup, or skincare, or body care, even hair care, or just any beauty product? Well I do, I think everybody does. I am here to tell you a little something behind some of the products you are using. Animal Testing, or animal experiments, or animals used as test subjects to ensure the safety of a product, or forcing an animal to undergo experiments that would most likely cause them pain and suffering. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Who Here Has A Pet?" essay for you Create order Animal testing is animal cruelty. Imagine this, you are brutally used and abused, not given a chance to decide for your wellbeing, and couldnt say a word on that they have caused you. All youve got is extreme pain and suffering, and only hope that somebody, brave enough, could speak up for you. That is how experimental animals feel inside those testing laboratories. Has everybody taken their bath this morning? Has it ever crossed your mind that a lot of animals have been injured and suffering, ingredients being dropped into their eyes, just so that very shampoo you are using this morning could be safe for your scalp and skin and wont make you blind? When applying makeup, did you realize how painful it must be for the animals to have their shaved skin be applied with a cosmetic ingredient or be forced to eat or inhale this ingredient just to ensure that the makeup will be safe for your face? At this very moment, millions of animals are used as experiments with approximately 200,000 them used for cosmetic testing which are rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, and rats. Suffering in pain and loneliness inside their cages, waiting in fear for their next painful and terrorizing procedure that will be inflicted on them. Most procedures will likely cause them to die, and if not, they will undergo another experiment. Isnt this inhumane? Some people would agree with me that this is cruel, and some would oppose. Some would say that animal and humans are similar especially with body organs that perform the same way and thus, animals are effective models. But keep in mind that the human body is completely complex that no animal or living creatures have the same genes like the human does. It has said that billions of dollars are spent annually for animal testing where in fact almost only 40 to 60% of these experiments that was successful on animals, have a different reaction to humans. As a pet owner myself, I couldnt bear to imagine my pet suffering. What did animals ever do to us that they receive such pain? I dare you to do your part. Start supporting cruelty-free brands. You can go online and find tons of companies that are not testing on animals or you could just simply find the cruelty-free logo on the product. Educate others. Influence your family, friends, and together, lets end animal testing. Together, lets speak up for those who cant speak up for themselves.
Saturday, December 28, 2019
Extension History Proposal - 3126 Words
Year 12 Extension History Proposal â€Å"Why Witches?†By Carl Guevarra Introduction. The image of a witch burning at the stake, such as the well-known St. Joan of Arc, is one recognised in almost any country of the world, and which, like the Holocaust, calls for explanation, in this case, the validation of the theory that the Great European Witch Hunts, of the 14th to 17th century, were all a case of gendercide. Gendercide is the term used to refer to forms of systematic killing of members of a specific sex, males or females, and the controversy around this concept, questions whether or not the witch â€Å"hunts were sex specific†, specifically aiming at the victimised females of the European witch trials. This theory is supported by†¦show more content†¦This website is a case study, tapping into the controversy of the European witch hunts, which, as evident in the title, specifically supports the theory that the witch hunts were a case of gendercide, containing relevant statistic details, such as the fact that 75-80% of the victims of the witch tria ls were significantly, female. This site, of many pages, contains abundant information relating specifically to the European witch hunts, presenting not only supporting, but opposing arguments of this debate. Reading the whole case study was like reading the books mentioned in the case study, however only containing the specific relevant information. Consequently, I was led to searching for these books, which have been quoted, referenced to, or books which were simply further reading of particular websites. Some of these texts are outlined below, in the table depicting the texts to examine. Apart from this, books I have discovered in the Bankstown library, such as: †¢ â€Å"A History of Witchcraft. Sorcerers, Heretics and Pagans.†by Jeffrey B. Russell †¢ â€Å"The History of Witchcraft†by Lois Martin †¢ â€Å"The Witchcraft Sourcebook†edited by Brian P. Levack The mentioned texts have also contributed to preliminary research of this topic, spre ading light on not only the historical context of this time, but on the differing viewpoints of people from the time, as primary accounts, as well as authors or historians from more recentShow MoreRelatedA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift860 Words  | 4 PagesWhen I was informed to read â€Å"A Modest Proposal†by Jonathan Swift as an assignment for creating annotated bibliographies, I began to develop an interest on how Swift came about the matter of his request into rebuilding Ireland s economy and way of life. 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These focal points include creating a pilotRead MoreChina s Long Walk For Retirement Reforms1527 Words  | 7 Pagesconceptual considerations and the experience of other countries with NDC schemes, it is recommended that China adopt a notional defined contribution (NDC) design for its urban old age insurance system. China’s Long Walk to Retirement Reforms: A Brief History Beginning in the 1950s, various pension plans were implemented by the Chinese governments, and since then China has undergone important reforms to build a sustainable, nationwide pension system to provide for the retirement needs of its people. TheRead MoreMy Major Work Island Of Dead Souls972 Words  | 4 Pagesnature of human experience - the duality of its universality and idiosyncrasy, and how the human condition is stressed and subverted in the context of war. The audience could also extend to the intellectual and educated groups who have a passion for history and politics, and those who are open to diverse perspectives of war. My major work has been influenced by the Advanced English course, specifically Module B: Critical Study of Texts. Like the module of study, it also addresses the impact and challengesRead MoreThe History of the Chicago Skyway912 Words  | 4 PagesThe history of the Chicago Skyway began in 1928, when the City Council of Chicagoâ€â€motivated by the desire to strengthen connections between the city and the country’s Midwestern industrial baseâ€â€requested a study for an elevated roadway to be constructed above the Pennsylvania Rail Road’s right of way. Although this proposal did not ultimately come to fruition, the planning set the stage on which the road would be built adjacent to this railroad. Concurrently, the Chicago Plan Commission had begun
Friday, December 20, 2019
The Reformation Of Henry VIII And The Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a 16th Century movement aimed at reorganising beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church which had fallen to unpopularity in recent years. There are many argued causes of the reforms and it is controversial to suggest that any one had significance over the others. To fully explore the causes of the reformations in England it is necessary to consider the position of Henry VIII, legitimate dissatisfaction many English people held with the Roman Catholic church, and other social factors. Henry VIII largely influenced the reformations in England. One of the Kings main reasons for pushing for a Protestant England came from the fact that he wished to separate from his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. Henry†¦show more content†¦Henry VIII had many reasons to lead England towards reform, including more power amongst the fellow leaders of his country, and economic, social, and political reasoning’s. Many English people had legitimate dissatisfactions with the way the Roman Catholic Church was being run in the 16th Century. To maximise the income of the church, priests popularised the selling of indulgences. The church preyed on the vulnerable, exploiting them for money in exchange for the belief that their relatives would not be existing in purgatory. There were three main areas used to exploit money from Catholic followers - relics, indulgences, and pilgrimages. Small groups of reformers addressed the issues with these unnecessary sales and brought awareness to parishes which led to distrust of the churches. As a religion, Roman Catholicism appoints a lot of power to the Pope which many people in England sought issue with –partially because the Pope had little to no idea what was happening in their country (unlike the King, who would become the head of the Church of England), and partly because of apostolic succession which suggested that power and authority should be pa ssed on to their successors. This was a problem for many people as no religious scriptures stated that apostolic succession should be enforced. The 16th Century saw many religious people coming to the realisation that the Roman Catholic Church was not leadingShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Thomas Cromwell And The Christant Reformation1323 Words  | 6 PagesThomas Cromwell and The Protestant Reformation From around 1450 to 1650 is referred to as The Early Modern Period (True, â€Å"The Early Modern Period†slide 2). 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Henry VIII was not originally Protestant, but after the pope deniedRead MoreCauses Of The Protestant Reformation1635 Words  | 7 PagesThe Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century religious movement that took place in the Western church. Having far-reaching political, economic, and social effect, the Reformation became the basis for the founding of Protestantism, one of the three major branches of Christianity. Without the changes caused by the Renaissance during the fifteenth century, the Reformation would not have been possible (Haigh). Reformers like Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII challenged the Catholic churchRead MoreThe Tudors Effect On History Essay1306 Words  | 6 PagesKing Henry the VIII. He is known for his many wives, specifically six, and also his radical reformation of the English Church. King Henry VIII was very conc erned with having a male heir to continue the dynasty. For that reason, he annulled his first marriage to Queen Catherine of Aragon. This annulment of his first marriage fuelled the creation of the English Church. Although Henry VIII may have acted in pure self-interest, this creation of the English Church would later lead to the Protestant ReformationRead MoreThe Tudors Effect On The English Church Essay1303 Words  | 6 PagesKing Henry the VIII. He is known for his many wives, specifically six, and also his radical reformation of the English Church. King Henry VIII was very concerned with having a male heir to continue the dynasty. For that reason, he annulled his first marriage to Queen Catherine of Aragon. This annulment of his first marriage fuelled the creation of the English Church. Although Henry VIII may have acted in pure self-interest, this creation of the English Church would later lead to the Protestant ReformationRead MoreMartin Luther and the Catholic Church894 Wo rds  | 4 Pageswhat his works taught. 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Wednesday, December 11, 2019
Transition in Early Years free essay sample
There are many issues that cause life stress to children and their families e. g. bereavement, separation /divorce, long-term illnesses. This report will employ a holistic approach, incorporating life span development, and will focus on transition within early year’s education. It will assist practitioners in supporting children and their families and will focus on the effect it has on their lives. Report Summary Transition within early years education is a major life event that a child and family go through together. Currently, educational transition is defined as the process of change that children make from one place or phase of education to overtime, Fabian and Dunlop (2002). Starting school is a huge step in a child’s life. For some it is a natural and seamless progression, for others a major upheaval, Hamilton et al (2003). Regardless of the process, this change requires children to cope with a re-organisation of their identity and status as they move from pre-school/home to becoming a school child. Fthenkis (1998, pg. 1) maintains that substantial changes such as this â€Å"†¦can induce psychological changes†. The issue for children is how they will cope with such changes and discontinuities as they start school and how they might employ strategies for dealing with such changes. Ghaye and Pascal (1998, pg. 3) state that starting school in the U. K is making â€Å"†¦a range of potentially stressful demands†. About Transition Practitioners working with this life event can work with the child and parents to minimise stress levels. Therefore, it is important for practitioners to endorse a holistic approach. The ultimate aim is to understand the child’s developmental needs within the context of the family, and to provide appropriate services that respond to these needs. Freedom in education (2007) declares Rudolf Steiner, a famous philosopher, based his own education on a holistic approach. He firmly believed in â€Å"†¦ [Educating] the whole child†. According to the EYFS (2007) every child is a â€Å"unique child and inclusive practice should be valued†. Barnes, (1991, pg. 54) is in favour of Steiner’s Education, â€Å"when the Waldorf curriculum is carried through successfully, the whole human being-head, heart and hand has truly been educated†. Practitioners can influence a child’s life span development by employing a variety of systems for inductions e. g. single visits, talks to parents in an afternoon/evening, home visit, parents staying with their child on the first few days. Another strategy would be a staggered start before or after other children have begun on the first day. (Whalley, 2001). However, it might be the individuals whom they start with, rather than the induction system that is the key factor in helping children and their parent’s . e. g. a child could start with a friend, neighbour or cousin. Margett (2002, pg. 112) found that children who commenced school with a playmate â€Å"†¦had high levels of social and academic competence and less problem behaviours than other children†. Ladd and Price (1987) professed this thought. A range of writings (Fabian Dulop, 2002 ; Dunlop Fabian, 2003) propose that the way in which transition is experienced not only creates a difference to children in the early months of a new situation but also contains a longer term impact, because the context to which they feel successful in the first transition is likely to influence subsequent experiences. Life Span Development According to Brofenbrenner, (1979) a child’s life span development could change from cradle to grave depending on environmental conditions which a child experiences (handout wk 3). For example a child may have a smooth transition from home to school but later in adolescence the transition from college to university can be effected by the Macrosystem. Thus the burden of tuition fees can inflict anxiety upon the individual (see appendix). Goleman, (1996) believed that children need to feel socially secure and emotionally ready to meet new challenges with confidence. Featherstone (2004) raises concerns about the lack of emotional support and the consequences attached to it. Featherstone believes that it can cause worry and stress leading to aggression or withdrawal, all of which have the potential to impair learning capacity. Leavers et al (1997, pg. 15) describes children with high levels of well being as feeling â€Å"†¦like fish in water†, in their educational environments with the ability to maximise their learning potential. The EYFS (2006, 37-41) places PSED at the heart of all learning areas, but thrusts a more explicit emphasis on emotional well-being. Practitioners are now expected to focus on children’s emotional health more directly, enabling children to understand and manage their feelings. This emphasis extends to working with families in the Every Child Matters Framework. Impact on Transition Letting Go Feelings of sadness and resistance are common as children prepare to leave a familiar setting/situation. Some may loose control, cry easily or revert to habits such as, thumb sucking. Practitioners can assist the child express their emotions by reading stories about children in similar situations. Practitioners need to acquire patience and compassion for the child and family. The separation often proves traumatic for parents in need of support and reassurance. Hamilton et al (2003, pg 16) advise practitioners to be â€Å"†¦patient and understanding†. Working With Parents and professionals Single Visits This is an essential period for practitioners to lay the foundations for successful parental involvement, (Tizard et al, 1981). Parents will feel stressed. This can reflect on the child feeling anxious if the child senses parent’s anxiety, (Learning About, 2007). Providing single visits to school will guide parents to understand what lies ahead of them and their child. Fabian and Dunlop (2002, pg 46) maintain that â€Å" nformed parents are less likely to be stressed about their child’s transition†. Transition can cause fears, concerns and mixed feeling about exactly what will happen next. Children need the opportunity to visit the setting ahead of time and practice new routines to anticipate what will be different. This is an opportunity for practitioners to provide adequate information about the setting. Practitioners can learn about the child and culture. A study by Brooker (2002) outlines how the values of home differs to school values in terms of culture e. g. play at home could differ with play at school and can cause emotional difficulties. Practitioners should build a relationship to identify different cultural beliefs, which will enable them to celebrating diversity. Margett (2002) firmly believes that, adjustments should be made in the setting for diversity. Garnat M (2000, pg. 5) cited John Dewey (1897) he suggested that practitioners â€Å"†¦must be sensitive to the values and needs of families†. Practitioners need to adapt strategies to address different types of systems to meet the needs of a range of children and families in terms of disability, cultural, linguistic, ethnic, racial and socio-economic backgrounds. Following the Childrens Act (1989) practitioners are expected to provide a service, which fosters the above. Under the Equality Act (2006) children and families are protected against discrimination, (Human Rights 2007). Talks to Parents Any form of parental involvement is taxing for working parents. Practitioners need to understand and take into account individual needs. In the ecological model put forward by Bronfenbrenner, (1979) parents working conditions in the Exosystem can effect the child’s life span development: e. g. parents may have to take time off work which can result in a loss of earning. This has an effect on providing food, clothing, transport etc. This financial strain can affect the environment in the Microsystems (see appendix). When a family is from a minority group it is important to obtain what languages are spoken at home? Prior to the visit other professionals and agencies can assist in home visits e. g. bi-lingual assistants, community workers, and social workers. Home Visits Some parents find the school environment intimidating but will be relaxed in their own home where they can be the host and attain relevant information. This will boost their confidence and shine back on their children. Practitioners should be cautious not to alienate parents with too much information. Fabian and Dunlop (2002, pg. 36) propose that â€Å"†¦induction visits that is accessible both in quality and quantity helps parents†¦gives them confidence and reduces stress†. Practitioners can arrange a staggered start for children, enabling them to begin in small groups and welcomed individually. Parents should be encouraged to stay with their child for the first few sessions. Practitioners need to make alternative arrangements for working parents. Settling In At this stage both parent and child will have some ideas of what lies ahead. However, this does not mean that they will settle comfortably without any fears or anxiety. The gruelling thought of separation can cause more strain than before. For some, the attachment has never separated and this will be the first. Erik Eriksson’s (1950) eight stages of development demonstrate a child in the first year who is well handled, nurtured, and loved develops trust and security. If handled badly then the negative side effects would result in the child feeling insecure and mistrustful. If the child can overcome the first stage successfully the possibility of resolving the next crisis will be positive. However, transition can affect the child in the third stage of Initiative versus Guilt if the first stage was not resolved successfully. Thus the child will be affected by the fear of separation (see appendix). Practitioners need to adhere to what the child and family needs are to guide them through this strenuous event. Practitioners need to inform parents that when the time comes to depart they must reassure their child that they are leaving and will be back for them later. Parents need to be aware of breaking the trust barrier. Parents need reassurance when they collect their child. Positive feedback will relieve stress, enabling tomorrow to be a brighter day. Summary This report highlighted some of the key factors that related to stress caused upon children and their families whilst going through transition. It identified the impact and illustrated the importance of working together to enhance a successful transition, taking on a holistic approach.
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